About Colorectal Cancer Screenings
Let’s face it—no one really looks forward to cancer screening, especially when it involves something as personal as your colon. But here’s the good news: colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers out there when it’s caught early. With regular screening, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing advanced colon cancer. In fact, the American Cancer Society estimates that timely screening can prevent about 60% of colorectal cancer deaths.
Most people start getting screened for colorectal cancer around age 45, but depending on your risk factors, you may need to begin earlier. If the idea of screening feels overwhelming, don’t worry—you’re not alone. This guide will walk you through what to expect, how the process works, and answer common questions to help you feel more comfortable and prepared.
Why Is Colorectal Cancer Screening So Important?
Colorectal cancer can develop without any warning signs or symptoms, especially in its early stages. In fact, many people with early-stage colorectal cancer don’t experience symptoms at all, which is why regular screening is essential. The goal is to catch issues early, before they progress to a more serious stage. When detected early, colorectal cancer is highly treatable, with survival rates as high as 90% in the localized stages.
In addition to preventing cancer, screenings can also help identify precancerous polyps—abnormal growths in the colon or rectum that could turn into cancer if left untreated. By removing these polyps during a procedure like a colonoscopy, doctors can stop colorectal cancer from developing in the first place.
What Are the Different Types of Screening Tests?
There isn’t a one-size-fits-all when it comes to screening for colorectal cancer. Your doctor will help you decide which type of screening is best for you, based on your age, risk factors, and preferences. Each test comes with its own benefits and considerations.
1. Colonoscopy
- What it involves: A colonoscopy is often considered the “gold standard” for colorectal cancer screening because it allows for a complete view of the colon and rectum. During the procedure, a doctor uses a flexible tube with a camera to look inside your colon and rectum.
- What to expect: While the procedure is invasive, you’ll be sedated, so you won’t feel discomfort. Additionally, if the doctor finds polyps (abnormal growths), they can be removed immediately during the procedure, reducing your risk of developing cancer.
- How often: If your results are normal, you only need a colonoscopy every 10 years. However, if polyps are found, you may need more frequent screenings based on your doctor’s recommendation.
- Preparation: The day before the procedure, you’ll need to drink a bowel-cleansing liquid and follow a clear liquid diet to ensure the colon is clean for accurate imaging. Preparation is often the most uncomfortable part, but it’s crucial for getting reliable results.
2. Stool DNA Test (Cologuard)
- What it involves: A noninvasive test that checks for abnormal DNA or blood in your stool, both of which can indicate the presence of cancer or precancerous polyps.
- What to expect: This is an at-home test. You collect a stool sample and mail it to a lab for analysis.
- How often: Every 3 years if your results are normal.
- Accuracy: While convenient, the stool DNA test isn’t as accurate as a colonoscopy, particularly for detecting precancerous polyps. However, it is a good option for individuals who prefer a noninvasive test.
- Preparation: No special preparation is required, making this a more convenient option for those unable to undergo a colonoscopy.
3. Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) / Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
- What it involves: These tests detect hidden blood in your stool, which may be a sign of colorectal cancer. The FOBT uses chemicals to check for blood, while FIT uses antibodies to detect blood.
- What to expect: These tests are also done at home. You’ll collect a stool sample and send it to a lab for analysis.
- How often: Annual testing is recommended if no issues are found.
- Accuracy: FOBT and FIT tests are less sensitive than a colonoscopy, as they only detect blood and don’t identify polyps.
- Preparation: Some dietary restrictions may apply before taking the FOBT, but the FIT typically requires no preparation.
4. Virtual Colonoscopy (CT Colonography)
- What it involves: This is a noninvasive imaging test that uses a CT scan to create detailed images of your colon and rectum.
- What to expect: While you don’t need to be sedated, a small tube will be inserted into your rectum to inflate the colon for better imaging. It may feel slightly uncomfortable, but the test is quick and relatively painless.
- How often: Virtual colonoscopies are typically recommended every 5 years if results are normal.
- Accuracy: This test is effective at detecting large polyps but may miss smaller polyps. Additionally, if anything abnormal is found, a traditional colonoscopy is usually required to remove the polyps or take a biopsy.
- Preparation: Similar to a traditional colonoscopy, bowel prep is necessary the day before the procedure.
Preparing for Colorectal Cancer Screening: What You Need to Know
Preparation is a critical step in ensuring that your screening results are accurate and thorough. Depending on the type of test, preparation can vary:
- Dietary changes: For a colonoscopy or CT colonography, you’ll need to follow a clear liquid diet 24 hours before the procedure. This usually includes water, broth, and clear juices. It’s important to avoid solid foods to ensure your colon is fully cleansed.
- Bowel cleanse: A bowel-cleansing solution will be prescribed to clear out your colon, allowing the doctor to get a clear view of your intestines. It’s often considered the most uncomfortable part of the process, but it’s essential for accurate results.
- Fasting: You may need to stop eating and drinking several hours before a colonoscopy or virtual colonoscopy.
For noninvasive tests like the stool DNA test or FOBT/FIT, no preparation is usually required, making them more convenient for those with busy schedules.
Who Should Be Getting Screened?
General Guidelines
Most people should start getting screened for colorectal cancer at age 45. However, individuals with certain risk factors may need to start screening earlier or undergo more frequent testing. Risk factors include:
- Family history: If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, your risk is higher. Your doctor may recommend starting screening before age 45 and having more frequent tests.
- Medical history: Individuals with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) or a personal history of polyps may need earlier screening.
- Genetic conditions: Inherited conditions such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) significantly increase the risk of colorectal cancer and often require earlier, more frequent screenings.
Understanding Your Risk Based on Lifestyle
Your lifestyle choices also play a role in your risk of developing colorectal cancer. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, and a diet high in red or processed meats can all increase your risk. Taking steps to adopt a healthier lifestyle—such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains—can help reduce your risk over time.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is a colonoscopy painful?
Not typically. You’ll be sedated during the procedure, so you won’t feel any discomfort. The most challenging part for most patients is the bowel prep the day before.
Is colon cancer screening only for older adults?
No. While most people start at age 45, those with a higher risk due to family or medical history may need to begin screening earlier. It’s best to discuss your specific risk factors with your doctor.
If I don’t have symptoms, do I still need screening?
Yes. Colorectal cancer often doesn’t cause symptoms in its early stages, which is why screening is so critical. Regular screening can help catch issues before they become serious.
Are there risks to screening?
For procedures like colonoscopies, there’s a small risk of complications, such as bleeding or perforation of the colon. However, these risks are very rare, and the benefits of early detection far outweigh the risks. Noninvasive tests carry little to no risk but may not be as accurate as a colonoscopy.
Why was I recommended for a colonoscopy?
Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy based on your age, medical history, family history, or symptoms such as changes in bowel habits. A colonoscopy provides the most comprehensive view of your colon, making it a valuable tool for both diagnosis and prevention.
How much does a colonoscopy cost?
Most insurance plans cover colorectal cancer screening as part of preventive care. If you don’t have insurance, the cost can range from $1,250 to $4,000, depending on where the procedure is done and whether polyps need to be removed.
Granville Health Systems: Your Partner in Colorectal Health
At Granville Health Systems, we understand that getting screened for colorectal cancer can feel overwhelming. That’s why we’re here to guide you through every step of the process. From answering your questions to providing comprehensive screening options, our medical team is committed to ensuring you receive the highest standard of care.
If you’re a new patient, don’t forget to fill out the new patient form before your visit. We also offer a separate form for children who need treatment authorization.
For over 100 years, Granville Health Systems has been providing high-quality healthcare to the North Central North Carolina region. We’re proud to continue that tradition and look forward to welcoming you to our community of care.
